| Identification | Food & Medicinal Uses | Web Page Links | Online Videos | References |
| Kingdom | Plantae – Plants |
| Subkingdom | Tracheobionta – Vascular plants |
| Superdivision | Spermatophyta – Seed plants |
| Division | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Subclass | Rosidae |
| Order | Rhamnales |
| Family | Rhamnaceae – Buckthorn family |
| Genus | Frangula Mill. – buckthorn |
| Species | Frangula alnus Mill. – glossy buckthorn |
| 1 |
|
Native American Ethnobotany by Daniel E. Moerman Timber Press, c1998 ISBN: 0881924539 |
| 2 |
|
Medicinal and Other Uses of North American Plants: A Historical Survey with Special Reference to Eastern Indian Tribes by Charlotte Erichsen-Brown Dover Publications, c1989 ISBN: 048625951X |
| 3 |
|
Peterson Field Guide for Edible Wild Plants of Eastern/Central North America by Lee Allen Peterson Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (c1999) ISBN: 039592622X |
